Redefining ‘Normal’ in Human Physiology: Personalized Physiological Fingerprint

Abstract

What does it mean to be “normal” in human physiology? A blood pressure of <120/80 mmHg, a resting heart rate of 72 beats per minute, a fasting glucose of <100 mg/dL-these figures are enshrined in textbooks as universal reference points. Yet they are averages, not absolutes. For one person, they may represent good health; for another, an early sign of disease. The time has come to ask whether population-based reference ranges are enough, or whether physiology should instead be anchored in the unique patterns of each individual. While precision medicine, concerned with genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics is fascinating, its implementation remains a challenge![1] However, normal physiological parameters can be of great help! Read More....